E ai ki ngā rangahau a Institut für Druckmaschinen und Druckverfahren (IDD) o Te Whare Wānanga o Damstadt i Tiamana, e whakaatu ana ngā hua o te taiwhanga e rua ngā tāngata e hiahiatia ana hei whakaoti i te tukanga tapahi katoa mō te aho tapahi ā-ringa, ā, tata ki te 80% o te wā e pau ana ki te kawe i te pepa mai i te papa ki te mīhini hiki. Kātahi, nā te whakahaere ā-ringa i roto i ngā puranga, ka noho te pepa i roto i te āhua taratara, nō reira me whai tukanga oma pepa anō. E hiahiatia ana he wā motuhake mō tēnei tukanga hei whakarōpū i te pepa. Heoi anō, ka pāngia te wā oma pepa e ngā āhuatanga rerekē pērā i te āhua o te pepa, te taumaha o te pepa, me te momo pepa. Heoi anō, kua tino whakamatautauria te hauora tinana o ngā kaiwhakahaere. E ai ki te mahi 8-hāora i te rā, 80% o te wā e pau ana ki te whakahaere mahi, ā, 6 hāora o te rā he mahi ā-ringa taumaha. Mēnā he nui te whakatakotoranga o te pepa, ka nui ake te kaha o te mahi.
Ki te tatauhia i runga i te tere o te mīhini tā pepa i te tere o te 12,000 whārangi ia hāora (kia mōhio koe, ko te tere mahi o ngā mīhini tā pepa o ngā whare tā o te kāinga he 7X24), ko te tere mahi o te aho tapahi ā-ringa he tata ki te 10000-15000 whārangi ia hāora. Arā, e rua ngā kaiwhakahaere pūkenga e hiahiatia ana kia mahi tonu kia rite ki te tere tā o te mīhini tā pepa. Nō reira, ko te nuinga o ngā whare tā o te kāinga ka whakamahi i ngā mīhini tapahi pepa maha-kaimahi, kaha-rahi, me te roa hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te mahi tā. Ka puta he nui ngā utu mahi, ā, ka raru pea te kaiwhakahaere.
I te mōhio ki tēnei raruraru, ka tīmata te tīma hoahoa o Guowang ki te whakarite i ngā rōpū hangarau i te tau 2013, ā, ka whakatakoto i te whāinga me pēhea te wikitoria i te 80% o te wā whakahaere. Nā te mea kua tata pumau te tere o te taputapu tapahi pepa, ahakoa ko te taputapu tapahi pepa matatau rawa atu kei te mākete he 45 ngā wā ia meneti. Engari me pēhea te tango i te 80% o te wā whakahaere he nui te mahi. Ka wehea e te kamupene tēnei raina tapahi ā muri ake nei kia toru ngā wāhanga:
Tuatahi: me pēhea te tango marie i te pepa mai i te puranga pepa
Tuarua: Tukuna te pepa kua tangohia ki te mīhini tapahi pepa
Tuatoru: Whakatakotoria te pepa kua tapahia ki runga i te papa.
Ko te painga o tēnei raina whakaputa, kua tata pau te 80% o te wā kawe o te mīhini tapahi pepa, engari, ka aro te kaiwhakahaere ki te tapahi. He māmā, he whai hua hoki te tukanga tapahi pepa, kua piki ake te tere mā te 4-6 ngā wā whakamiharo, ā, kua eke te kaha whakaputa ki te 60,000 whārangi ia hāora. E ai ki te mīhini tā i te tere o te 12,000 whārangi ia hāora, ka taea e te rārangi kotahi mō ia tangata te whakatutuki i te mahi a ngā mīhini tā e 4.
Ki te whakaritea ki te kaha whakaputa o ngā tāngata tokorua o mua, arā, 10,000 rau pepa ia hāora, kua tino angitu tēnei raina whakaputa i roto i te whakaputa me te aunoatanga!
Te taipitopito o te tukanga tapahi raina:
E toru ngā wāhanga o te raina tapahi whāngai-muri aunoa: te mīhini tapahi pepa atamai aunoa, te mīhini tapahi pepa tere-tere ka taea te whakarite, me te mīhini tango pepa aunoa. Ka taea te whakaoti i ngā mahi katoa e te tangata kotahi i runga i te mata pa o te mīhini tapahi pepa.
Tuatahi, me te tapahi pepa hei pokapū, e ai ki te whakatakotoranga o te awheawhe, ka taea te tohatoha i te taputapu uta pepa me te taputapu tango pepa ki maui me matau i te wā kotahi, ki te wehe rānei. Me pana noa e te kaiwhakahaere te puranga tapahi pepa ki te taha o te taputapu uta pepa me te trolley waipēhi, kātahi ka hoki ki te mīhini tapahi pepa, pēhi i te pātene uta pepa, ā, ka tīmata te mahi a te kaikohi pepa. Tuatahi, whakamahia he pane pēhanga hau hei pēhi i te pepa mai i te tihi o te puranga pepa kia kore ai e piko te puranga pepa i te wā e kohi pepa ana. Kātahi ka pupurihia e te papa me te roera rapa hurihuri i tetahi taha te whitiki whakapae i te koki paku piko, ka whakaheke i mua i te neke ki te kokonga o te puranga pepa, kātahi ka heke ki te teitei pepa i whakaritea e te rorohiko. Ka taea e te kanohi hikohiko te whakahaere tika i te teitei. Kātahi ka neke haere whakamua kia pā ki te puranga pepa. Ka taea e te roera rapa hurihuri te wehewehe i te puranga pepa ki runga, me te kore e pakaru, kātahi ka whakauru i te papa katoa o te papa ki roto i te puranga pepa kia tata ki te 1/4 i te tere hurihuri maori, kātahi ka piri te rawhi hau ki te puranga pepa e hiahia ana kia tangohia. Tukua te pane pēhanga i pēhi i te puranga pepa katoa i mua. Ka huri anō te papa ki roto i te puranga pepa katoa i te tere maori. Kātahi ka neke mārire te papa ki muri o te taputapu tapahi pepa kia tino okioki ki te taha o te tēpu mahi i muri i te taputapu tapahi pepa. I tēnei wā, ka kati te taputapu tapahi pepa ki te kaikōwhiri pepa, ā, ka taka aunoa te arai o muri, ā, ka panaia e te taputapu tapahi pepa te puranga pepa i runga i te papa. Ka tomo ki muri o te taputapu tapahi pepa, ka ara ake te arai, kātahi ka panaia e te pana tapahi pepa te pepa ki mua e ai ki te kaupapa kua whakaritea, he mea watea mā te kaiwhakahaere ki te tango. Kātahi ka tīmata te mahi a te taputapu tapahi pepa. Ka hurihia ngāwaritia e te kaimahi te pepa e toru ngā wā i runga i te tēpu mahi urunga-hau, ka tapahia ngā taha e whā o te puranga pepa kia ma, ka panaia ki te papa tango pepa kua whakaritea. Ka neke aunoa te taputapu tango pepa i te puranga pepa. Tangohia te uta i runga i te papa. Kua oti te mahi tapahi kotahi. Ina mahi te kaitapahi pepa, ka mahi anō te kaitapahi pepa i te wā kotahi. I muri i te tango i te pepa hei tapahi, tatari kia tapahia te pepa, kātahi ka pana anō ki roto i te kaitapahi pepa. Mahi tauutuutu.
Ki te whakaaro koe he roa rawa te whakamārama, tirohia tēnei ataata:
>Ngā taputapu taha mō te raina tapahi pepa
Wā tuku: Hepetema-02-2021